Proverbs/Grammar ~ Grammar/Proverbs: Latin Lesson #196: More 1st-conjugation 1st-person

The focus for today's lesson is more practice with those 1st-conjugation verbs and the -o ending for the "I" forms. You know almost all of the words today, like the verbs: amo, "I love," spero, "I hope," vigilo, "I keep watch, stay awake," and exspecto, "I await, expect." You also have one new verb: reformido, "I fear." The Latin root of that verb also appears in the English "formidable."

Because these 1st-person sayings are so commonly found in heraldry, I have some fun art to share today, in addition to the usual LOLcats.

And here is the slideshow (with cats) of the words you have seen before:

And here are today's proverbs:

1. Pacem amo.
I-love peace.
pacem amo.

You already know the words in this saying!

The word pacem is the accusative form of the noun pax, and it is object of the verb, amo.
This is a popular motto, and you can see in all kinds of heraldry, including here in this brewery sign in the England, together with a unicorn:

2. Spe exspecto.
I-await with-hope.
spe ex-SPEC-to.

You also know both of these words!
The word spe is the ablative form of spes, which can mean "with hope, "in hope," etc.

The words spe and exspecto are not related, as the word exspecto has as its root, "spec-," "seeing, watching," as in "spectator," but this saying plays nicely on the similarity in sound between them.

3. Vigilo et spero.
I-keep-watch and I-hope.
VI-gi-lo et spero.

These words are also familiar from before, and this is another popular family motto, appearing in heraldic emblems, as in this Potts family emblem:

4. Supra spem spero.
I-hope beyond hope.
supra spem spero.

And you know all the words in this saying too!

The word spem is the accusative form of the noun spes, used here with the preposition supra.

The family motto is inspired by the Biblical Letter to the Romans, although the Vulgate text reads contra spem in spem, "against hope into hope."
Here you can see that motto on a Victorian watch:

5. Pacis nomine bellum involutum reformido.
I-fear war rolled-up-in in-the-name of-peace.
pacis NO-mi-ne bellum in-vo-LU-tum re-FOR-mi-do.

There are two new words in this saying. The verb reformido means "I fear," and it's a 1st-conjugation verb, so the infinitive is reformidare.
The word bellum is the accusative form of the neuter noun bellum: "I fear war." The adjective involutum, "wrapped up in," is new, but you know the root verb that it comes from: volvit. This can mean something literally wrapped up in something, but it can also be used metaphorically as in the English word "involve" which comes from this Latin root.

As often with a passive participle like involutum there is an ablative complement: nomine, the ablative form of nomen. So, this is not just about any kind of war, but a war wrapped up "in the name" ... and what name? The name of peace: nomine pacis. The word pacis is the genitive singular of pax.

The words come a speech by the Roman politician Cicero in which, after the assassination of Julius Caesar, Cicero denounced Mark Antony; these are the so-called Philippics.

Here's a recap: