Prepositions: Remember how some prepositions can take either the ablative case or the accusative case? The meaning is different depending on which case they take. Today you will get a review of what happens when the preposition in takes the ablative ("in") versus when it takes the accusative ("into").
You'll also get a review of some dative forms of the 1st declension (dative ending -ae), 2nd declension (dative ending -o), and the 3rd declension (dative ending -i).
And here is the slideshow (with cats) of the words you have seen before, which is most of the words!
1. In aqua scribis.
You're-writing in water.
in aqua scribis.
You know all the words in this saying!
The word scribis is the 2nd-person form of the verb scribit.
The word aqua (aquā) is the ablative form of aqua, ablative with the preposition in.
This is another one of those fool's errands. If you writing in water, in sand, etc., your words will be washed away; they won't last.
2. In caelum exspuis.
You're-spitting into (the) sky.
in caelum EX-spuis.
The word exspuis, "you're spitting," is the 2nd-person form of the verb exspuit, literally "spit out," ex-spuit. This verb gives us English "sputum."
The word caelum is the accusative form of caelum (the neuter nominative and accusative always look the same). With the accusative, the preposition in now means "into."
Spitting up into the sky is not a good idea: it will fall back down and hit you in the face. Compare the English saying, "Don't spit into the wind."
3. Mari aquam addis.
You're-adding water to-the-sea.
mari aquam addis.
You know all the words in this one too!
The word addis is the 2nd-person form of the verb addit.
The word aquam is the accusative form of the noun aqua, and it's the direct object of the verb.
The word mari is the dative form of mare, the indirect object of the verb.
Another fool's errand: if there is anyone would doesn't need more water, that would be the sea! Compare the English saying, "coals to Newcastle."
4. Oleum camino addis.
You're-adding oil to-the-furnace.
O-leum ca-MI-no addis.
The word oleum is the accusative form of the noun oleum, "oil, olive oil," and it's the direct object of the verb. You can see this Latin word in English "petroleum" and "linoleum."
4. Oleum camino addis.
You're-adding oil to-the-furnace.
O-leum ca-MI-no addis.
The word oleum is the accusative form of the noun oleum, "oil, olive oil," and it's the direct object of the verb. You can see this Latin word in English "petroleum" and "linoleum."
The word camino is the dative form of caminus, "furnace," the indirect object of the verb. This is ultimately the origin of English "chimney."
Compare the English saying, "adding fuel to the fire."
5. Ranae vinum infundis.
You're-pouring wine for-the-frog.
ranae vinum in-FUN-dis.
The word infundis, "you're pouring, pouring on, pouring upon," is the 2nd-person form of the verb infundit, which gives us English "infusion."
5. Ranae vinum infundis.
You're-pouring wine for-the-frog.
ranae vinum in-FUN-dis.
The word infundis, "you're pouring, pouring on, pouring upon," is the 2nd-person form of the verb infundit, which gives us English "infusion."
The word vinum is the accusative form of the noun vinum, direct object of the verb.
The word ranae is the dative form of rana, the indirect object of the verb.
This is a waste of wine: a frog would be perfectly happy with water!
Here's a recap:
Plus the LOLCats!
Here's a recap:
- In aqua scribis.
- In caelum exspuis.
- Mari aquam addis.
- Oleum camino addis.
- Ranae vinum infundis.
Plus the LOLCats!
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